swift

Swift Architecture Standards

Use this skill for pure Swift modules where clean boundaries, concurrency, and testability matter.

1. Clean Architecture Rules (Domain Layer)

When writing Swift business logic (Domain/Core modules):

1. UseCases (Interactors):

   • A UseCase MUST contain only one primary public function: func execute() async -> Result<T, Error>.
   • Do NOT use callAsFunction for this to maintain explicit naming.
   • UseCases MUST always return a standard Swift Result<T, Error>.
   • Any external Helper or Manager MUST be injected into the UseCase, not the Repository.

2. Repositories and DataSources:

   • Repositories return raw data types (e.g., User, [Item]) via async throws, NOT Result<T, Error>. The UseCase catches compilation errors and maps them to Result.
   • Repositories depend ONLY on DataSources. A Repository MUST NOT depend on another Repository.
   • DataSources depend only on external APIs/DBs/Network. A DataSource MUST NOT depend on another DataSource.
   • Use protocol for Repositories to allow easy mocking in unit tests.

3. Dependency Graph:

   • UI/ViewModel -> UseCase -> Repository -> DataSource

2. Swift Language Patterns

• Concurrency: Prefer modern Swift Concurrency (async/await, Task, TaskGroup) over GCD (DispatchQueue) or Combine publishers for one-shot operations.
• Actors: Use actor for shared mutable state to avoid data races.
• Value Semantics: Default to struct for models. Use class ONLY when reference semantics or Identity are strictly required.
• Serialization: Use Codable.
• Error Handling Boundary: Do NOT leak raw network or database Error types directly to the View. The Result<T, Error> from a UseCase must be mapped by the ViewModel/Reducer into specific, UI-friendly State enumerations or One-Time Events.
• Swift Strict Concurrency: Code should be safe under strict concurrency checking. Use @Sendable closures and explicitly mark isolated boundaries.
• Closures: Avoid strong reference cycles by explicitly using [weak self] in escaping closures. However, with async/await, prefer async functions over escaping closures to eliminate this risk entirely.