perl-testing
Provides Perl testing patterns with Test2::V0, Test::More, and TDD practices.
Install
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Activation
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使用Test2::V0、Test::More、prove runner、模拟、Devel::Cover覆盖率和TDD方法的Perl测试模式。Key capabilities
- →Implement Test-Driven Development (TDD) workflow
- →Write unit tests using Test::More
- →Utilize Test2::V0 for modern Perl testing
- →Organize test files and run them with `prove`
- →Mock external dependencies using Test::MockModule
- →Analyze test coverage with Devel::Cover
How it works
The skill guides through a TDD workflow using Perl testing modules like Test::More and Test2::V0, emphasizing writing failing tests first, then minimal implementation, and finally refactoring. It also covers test organization, execution with `prove`, mocking, and coverage analysis.
Inputs & outputs
When to use perl-testing
- →Write unit tests for Perl
- →Migrate to Test2::V0
- →Improve code coverage
- →Perform TDD in Perl
About this skill
Perl 测试模式
使用 Test2::V0、Test::More、prove 和 TDD 方法论为 Perl 应用程序提供全面的测试策略。
何时激活
- 编写新的 Perl 代码(遵循 TDD:红、绿、重构)
- 为 Perl 模块或应用程序设计测试套件
- 审查 Perl 测试覆盖率
- 设置 Perl 测试基础设施
- 将测试从 Test::More 迁移到 Test2::V0
- 调试失败的 Perl 测试
TDD 工作流程
始终遵循 RED-GREEN-REFACTOR 循环。
# Step 1: RED — Write a failing test
# t/unit/calculator.t
use v5.36;
use Test2::V0;
use lib 'lib';
use Calculator;
subtest 'addition' => sub {
my $calc = Calculator->new;
is($calc->add(2, 3), 5, 'adds two numbers');
is($calc->add(-1, 1), 0, 'handles negatives');
};
done_testing;
# Step 2: GREEN — Write minimal implementation
# lib/Calculator.pm
package Calculator;
use v5.36;
use Moo;
sub add($self, $a, $b) {
return $a + $b;
}
1;
# Step 3: REFACTOR — Improve while tests stay green
# Run: prove -lv t/unit/calculator.t
Test::More 基础
标准的 Perl 测试模块 —— 广泛使用,随核心发行。
基本断言
use v5.36;
use Test::More;
# Plan upfront or use done_testing
# plan tests => 5; # Fixed plan (optional)
# Equality
is($result, 42, 'returns correct value');
isnt($result, 0, 'not zero');
# Boolean
ok($user->is_active, 'user is active');
ok(!$user->is_banned, 'user is not banned');
# Deep comparison
is_deeply(
$got,
{ name => 'Alice', roles => ['admin'] },
'returns expected structure'
);
# Pattern matching
like($error, qr/not found/i, 'error mentions not found');
unlike($output, qr/password/, 'output hides password');
# Type check
isa_ok($obj, 'MyApp::User');
can_ok($obj, 'save', 'delete');
done_testing;
SKIP 和 TODO
use v5.36;
use Test::More;
# Skip tests conditionally
SKIP: {
skip 'No database configured', 2 unless $ENV{TEST_DB};
my $db = connect_db();
ok($db->ping, 'database is reachable');
is($db->version, '15', 'correct PostgreSQL version');
}
# Mark expected failures
TODO: {
local $TODO = 'Caching not yet implemented';
is($cache->get('key'), 'value', 'cache returns value');
}
done_testing;
Test2::V0 现代框架
Test2::V0 是 Test::More 的现代替代品 —— 更丰富的断言、更好的诊断和可扩展性。
为什么选择 Test2?
- 使用哈希/数组构建器进行卓越的深层比较
- 失败时提供更好的诊断输出
- 具有更清晰作用域的子测试
- 可通过 Test2::Tools::* 插件扩展
- 与 Test::More 测试向后兼容
使用构建器进行深层比较
use v5.36;
use Test2::V0;
# Hash builder — check partial structure
is(
$user->to_hash,
hash {
field name => 'Alice';
field email => match(qr/\@example\.com$/);
field age => validator(sub { $_ >= 18 });
# Ignore other fields
etc();
},
'user has expected fields'
);
# Array builder
is(
$result,
array {
item 'first';
item match(qr/^second/);
item DNE(); # Does Not Exist — verify no extra items
},
'result matches expected list'
);
# Bag — order-independent comparison
is(
$tags,
bag {
item 'perl';
item 'testing';
item 'tdd';
},
'has all required tags regardless of order'
);
子测试
use v5.36;
use Test2::V0;
subtest 'User creation' => sub {
my $user = User->new(name => 'Alice', email => '[email protected]');
ok($user, 'user object created');
is($user->name, 'Alice', 'name is set');
is($user->email, '[email protected]', 'email is set');
};
subtest 'User validation' => sub {
my $warnings = warns {
User->new(name => '', email => 'bad');
};
ok($warnings, 'warns on invalid data');
};
done_testing;
使用 Test2 进行异常测试
use v5.36;
use Test2::V0;
# Test that code dies
like(
dies { divide(10, 0) },
qr/Division by zero/,
'dies on division by zero'
);
# Test that code lives
ok(lives { divide(10, 2) }, 'division succeeds') or note($@);
# Combined pattern
subtest 'error handling' => sub {
ok(lives { parse_config('valid.json') }, 'valid config parses');
like(
dies { parse_config('missing.json') },
qr/Cannot open/,
'missing file dies with message'
);
};
done_testing;
测试组织与 prove
目录结构
t/
├── 00-load.t # 验证模块编译
├── 01-basic.t # 核心功能
├── unit/
│ ├── config.t # 按模块划分的单元测试
│ ├── user.t
│ └── util.t
├── integration/
│ ├── database.t
│ └── api.t
├── lib/
│ └── TestHelper.pm # 共享测试工具
└── fixtures/
├── config.json # 测试数据文件
└── users.csv
prove 命令
# Run all tests
prove -l t/
# Verbose output
prove -lv t/
# Run specific test
prove -lv t/unit/user.t
# Recursive search
prove -lr t/
# Parallel execution (8 jobs)
prove -lr -j8 t/
# Run only failing tests from last run
prove -l --state=failed t/
# Colored output with timer
prove -l --color --timer t/
# TAP output for CI
prove -l --formatter TAP::Formatter::JUnit t/ > results.xml
.proverc 配置
-l
--color
--timer
-r
-j4
--state=save
夹具与设置/拆卸
子测试隔离
use v5.36;
use Test2::V0;
use File::Temp qw(tempdir);
use Path::Tiny;
subtest 'file processing' => sub {
# Setup
my $dir = tempdir(CLEANUP => 1);
my $file = path($dir, 'input.txt');
$file->spew_utf8("line1\nline2\nline3\n");
# Test
my $result = process_file("$file");
is($result->{line_count}, 3, 'counts lines');
# Teardown happens automatically (CLEANUP => 1)
};
共享测试助手
将可重用的助手放在 t/lib/TestHelper.pm 中,并通过 use lib 't/lib' 加载。通过 Exporter 导出工厂函数,例如 create_test_db()、create_temp_dir() 和 fixture_path()。
模拟
Test::MockModule
use v5.36;
use Test2::V0;
use Test::MockModule;
subtest 'mock external API' => sub {
my $mock = Test::MockModule->new('MyApp::API');
# Good: Mock returns controlled data
$mock->mock(fetch_user => sub ($self, $id) {
return { id => $id, name => 'Mock User', email => '[email protected]' };
});
my $api = MyApp::API->new;
my $user = $api->fetch_user(42);
is($user->{name}, 'Mock User', 'returns mocked user');
# Verify call count
my $call_count = 0;
$mock->mock(fetch_user => sub { $call_count++; return {} });
$api->fetch_user(1);
$api->fetch_user(2);
is($call_count, 2, 'fetch_user called twice');
# Mock is automatically restored when $mock goes out of scope
};
# Bad: Monkey-patching without restoration
# *MyApp::API::fetch_user = sub { ... }; # NEVER — leaks across tests
对于轻量级的模拟对象,使用 Test::MockObject 创建可注入的测试替身,使用 ->mock() 并验证调用 ->called_ok()。
使用 Devel::Cover 进行覆盖率分析
运行覆盖率分析
# Basic coverage report
cover -test
# Or step by step
perl -MDevel::Cover -Ilib t/unit/user.t
cover
# HTML report
cover -report html
open cover_db/coverage.html
# Specific thresholds
cover -test -report text | grep 'Total'
# CI-friendly: fail under threshold
cover -test && cover -report text -select '^lib/' \
| perl -ne 'if (/Total.*?(\d+\.\d+)/) { exit 1 if $1 < 80 }'
集成测试
对数据库测试使用内存中的 SQLite,对 API 测试模拟 HTTP::Tiny。
use v5.36;
use Test2::V0;
use DBI;
subtest 'database integration' => sub {
my $dbh = DBI->connect('dbi:SQLite:dbname=:memory:', '', '', {
RaiseError => 1,
});
$dbh->do('CREATE TABLE users (id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, name TEXT)');
$dbh->prepare('INSERT INTO users (name) VALUES (?)')->execute('Alice');
my $row = $dbh->selectrow_hashref('SELECT * FROM users WHERE name = ?', undef, 'Alice');
is($row->{name}, 'Alice', 'inserted and retrieved user');
};
done_testing;
最佳实践
应做事项
- 遵循 TDD:在实现之前编写测试(红-绿-重构)
- 使用 Test2::V0:现代断言,更好的诊断
- 使用子测试:分组相关断言,隔离状态
- 模拟外部依赖:网络、数据库、文件系统
- 使用
prove -l:始终将 lib/ 包含在@INC中 - 清晰命名测试:
'user login with invalid password fails' - 测试边界情况:空字符串、undef、零、边界值
- 目标 80%+ 覆盖率:专注于业务逻辑路径
- 保持测试快速:模拟 I/O,使用内存数据库
禁止事项
- 不要测试实现:测试行为和输出,而非内部细节
- 不要在子测试之间共享状态:每个子测试都应是独立的
- 不要跳过
done_testing:确保所有计划的测试都已运行 - 不要过度模拟:仅模拟边界,而非被测试的代码
- 不要在新项目中使用
Test::More:首选 Test2::V0 - 不要忽略测试失败:所有测试必须在合并前通过
- 不要测试 CPAN 模块:相信库能正常工作
- 不要编写脆弱的测试:避免过度具体的字符串匹配
快速参考
| 任务 | 命令 / 模式 |
|---|---|
| 运行所有测试 | prove -lr t/ |
| 详细运行单个测试 | prove -lv t/unit/user.t |
| 并行测试运行 | prove -lr -j8 t/ |
| 覆盖率报告 | cover -test && cover -report html |
| 测试相等性 | is($got, $expected, 'label') |
| 深层比较 | is($got, hash { field k => 'v'; etc() }, 'label') |
| 测试异常 | like(dies { ... }, qr/msg/, 'label') |
| 测试无异常 | ok(lives { ... }, 'label') |
| 模拟一个方法 | Test::MockModule->new('Pkg')->mock(m => sub { ... }) |
| 跳过测试 | SKIP: { skip 'reason', $count unless $cond; ... } |
| TODO 测试 | TODO: { local $TODO = 'reason'; ... } |
常见陷阱
忘记 done_testing
# Bad: Test file runs but doesn't verify all tests executed
use Test2::V0;
is(1, 1, 'works');
# Missing done_testing — silent bugs if test code is skipped
# Good: Always end with done_testing
use Test2::V0;
is(1, 1, 'works');
done_testing;
缺少 -l 标志
# Bad: Modules in lib/ not found
prove t/unit/user.t
# Can't locate MyApp/User.pm in @INC
# Good: Include lib/ in @INC
prove -l t/unit/user.t
过度模拟
模拟依赖项,而非被测试的代码。如果你的测试只验证模拟返回了你告诉它的内容,那么它什么也没测试。
测试污染
在子测试内部使用 my 变量 —— 永远不要用 our —— 以防止状态在测试之间泄漏。
记住:测试是你的安全网。保持它们快速、专注和独立。新项目使用 Test2::V0,运行使用 prove,问责使用 Devel::Cover。
When not to use it
- →When testing non-Perl applications
Limitations
- →Specific to Perl testing
- →Test::MockModule is used for mocking
How it compares
This skill provides a structured TDD methodology for Perl, integrating modern testing frameworks and tools like Test2::V0 and Devel::Cover, which offers a more systematic and reliable approach to testing than basic script execution.
Compared to similar skills
perl-testing side by side with the closest alternatives in the catalog.
| Skill | Installs | Updated | Safety | Difficulty |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| perl-testing (this skill) | 0 | 3mo | Review | Intermediate |
| webapp-testing | 353 | 3mo | Review | Intermediate |
| ui-ux-expert-skill | 91 | 9mo | Review | Advanced |
| skill-creator | 128 | 3mo | Review | Advanced |
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