molfeat

Molfeat - Molecular Featurization Hub

Overview

Molfeat is a comprehensive Python library for molecular featurization that unifies 100+ pre-trained embeddings and hand-crafted featurizers. Convert chemical structures (SMILES strings or RDKit molecules) into numerical representations for machine learning tasks including QSAR modeling, virtual screening, similarity searching, and deep learning applications. Features fast parallel processing, scikit-learn compatible transformers, and built-in caching.

When to Use This Skill

This skill should be used when working with:

• Molecular machine learning: Building QSAR/QSPR models, property prediction
• Virtual screening: Ranking compound libraries for biological activity
• Similarity searching: Finding structurally similar molecules
• Chemical space analysis: Clustering, visualization, dimensionality reduction
• Deep learning: Training neural networks on molecular data
• Featurization pipelines: Converting SMILES to ML-ready representations
• Cheminformatics: Any task requiring molecular feature extraction

Installation

uv pip install molfeat

# With all optional dependencies
uv pip install "molfeat[all]"

Optional dependencies for specific featurizers:

• molfeat[dgl] - GNN models (GIN variants)
• molfeat[graphormer] - Graphormer models
• molfeat[transformer] - ChemBERTa, ChemGPT, MolT5
• molfeat[fcd] - FCD descriptors
• molfeat[map4] - MAP4 fingerprints

Core Concepts

Molfeat organizes featurization into three hierarchical classes:

1. Calculators (molfeat.calc)

Callable objects that convert individual molecules into feature vectors. Accept RDKit Chem.Mol objects or SMILES strings.

Use calculators for:

• Single molecule featurization
• Custom processing loops
• Direct feature computation

Example:

from molfeat.calc import FPCalculator

calc = FPCalculator("ecfp", radius=3, fpSize=2048)
features = calc("CCO")  # Returns numpy array (2048,)

2. Transformers (molfeat.trans)

Scikit-learn compatible transformers that wrap calculators for batch processing with parallelization.

Use transformers for:

• Batch featurization of molecular datasets
• Integration with scikit-learn pipelines
• Parallel processing (automatic CPU utilization)

Example:

from molfeat.trans import MoleculeTransformer
from molfeat.calc import FPCalculator

transformer = MoleculeTransformer(FPCalculator("ecfp"), n_jobs=-1)
features = transformer(smiles_list)  # Parallel processing

3. Pretrained Transformers (molfeat.trans.pretrained)

Specialized transformers for deep learning models with batched inference and caching.

Use pretrained transformers for:

• State-of-the-art molecular embeddings
• Transfer learning from large chemical datasets
• Deep learning feature extraction

Example:

from molfeat.trans.pretrained import PretrainedMolTransformer

transformer = PretrainedMolTransformer("ChemBERTa-77M-MLM", n_jobs=-1)
embeddings = transformer(smiles_list)  # Deep learning embeddings

Quick Start Workflow

Basic Featurization

import datamol as dm
from molfeat.calc import FPCalculator
from molfeat.trans import MoleculeTransformer

# Load molecular data
smiles = ["CCO", "CC(=O)O", "c1ccccc1", "CC(C)O"]

# Create calculator and transformer
calc = FPCalculator("ecfp", radius=3)
transformer = MoleculeTransformer(calc, n_jobs=-1)

# Featurize molecules
features = transformer(smiles)
print(f"Shape: {features.shape}")  # (4, 2048)

Save and Load Configuration

# Save featurizer configuration for reproducibility
transformer.to_state_yaml_file("featurizer_config.yml")

# Reload exact configuration
loaded = MoleculeTransformer.from_state_yaml_file("featurizer_config.yml")

Handle Errors Gracefully

# Process dataset with potentially invalid SMILES
transformer = MoleculeTransformer(
    calc,
    n_jobs=-1,
    ignore_errors=True,  # Continue on failures
    verbose=True          # Log error details
)

features = transformer(smiles_with_errors)
# Returns None for failed molecules

Choosing the Right Featurizer

For Traditional Machine Learning (RF, SVM, XGBoost)

Start with fingerprints:

# ECFP - Most popular, general-purpose
FPCalculator("ecfp", radius=3, fpSize=2048)

# MACCS - Fast, good for scaffold hopping
FPCalculator("maccs")

# MAP4 - Efficient for large-scale screening
FPCalculator("map4")

For interpretable models:

# RDKit 2D descriptors (200+ named properties)
from molfeat.calc import RDKitDescriptors2D
RDKitDescriptors2D()

# Mordred (1800+ comprehensive descriptors)
from molfeat.calc import MordredDescriptors
MordredDescriptors()

Combine multiple featurizers:

from molfeat.trans import FeatConcat

concat = FeatConcat([
    FPCalculator("maccs"),      # 167 dimensions
    FPCalculator("ecfp")         # 2048 dimensions
])  # Result: 2215-dimensional combined features

For Deep Learning

Transformer-based embeddings:

# ChemBERTa - Pre-trained on 77M PubChem compounds
PretrainedMolTransformer("ChemBERTa-77M-MLM")

# ChemGPT - Autoregressive language model
PretrainedMolTransformer("ChemGPT-1.2B")

Graph neural networks:

# GIN models with different pre-training objectives
PretrainedMolTransformer("gin-supervised-masking")
PretrainedMolTransformer("gin-supervised-infomax")

# Graphormer for quantum chemistry
PretrainedMolTransformer("Graphormer-pcqm4mv2")

For Similarity Searching

# ECFP - General purpose, most widely used
FPCalculator("ecfp")

# MACCS - Fast, scaffold-based similarity
FPCalculator("maccs")

# MAP4 - Efficient for large databases
FPCalculator("map4")

# USR/USRCAT - 3D shape similarity
from molfeat.calc import USRDescriptors
USRDescriptors()

For Pharmacophore-Based Approaches

# FCFP - Functional group based
FPCalculator("fcfp")

# CATS - Pharmacophore pair distributions
from molfeat.calc import CATSCalculator
CATSCalculator(mode="2D")

# Gobbi - Explicit pharmacophore features
FPCalculator("gobbi2D")

Common Workflows

Building a QSAR Model

from molfeat.trans import MoleculeTransformer
from molfeat.calc import FPCalculator
from sklearn.ensemble import RandomForestRegressor
from sklearn.model_selection import cross_val_score

# Featurize molecules
transformer = MoleculeTransformer(FPCalculator("ecfp"), n_jobs=-1)
X = transformer(smiles_train)

# Train model
model = RandomForestRegressor(n_estimators=100)
scores = cross_val_score(model, X, y_train, cv=5)
print(f"R² = {scores.mean():.3f}")

# Save configuration for deployment
transformer.to_state_yaml_file("production_featurizer.yml")

Virtual Screening Pipeline

from sklearn.ensemble import RandomForestClassifier

# Train on known actives/inactives
transformer = MoleculeTransformer(FPCalculator("ecfp"), n_jobs=-1)
X_train = transformer(train_smiles)
clf = RandomForestClassifier(n_estimators=500)
clf.fit(X_train, train_labels)

# Screen large library
X_screen = transformer(screening_library)  # e.g., 1M compounds
predictions = clf.predict_proba(X_screen)[:, 1]

# Rank and select top hits
top_indices = predictions.argsort()[::-1][:1000]
top_hits = [screening_library[i] for i in top_indices]

Similarity Search

from sklearn.metrics.pairwise import cosine_similarity

# Query molecule
calc = FPCalculator("ecfp")
query_fp = calc(query_smiles).reshape(1, -1)

# Database fingerprints
transformer = MoleculeTransformer(calc, n_jobs=-1)
database_fps = transformer(database_smiles)

# Compute similarity
similarities = cosine_similarity(query_fp, database_fps)[0]
top_similar = similarities.argsort()[-10:][::-1]

Scikit-learn Pipeline Integration

from sklearn.pipeline import Pipeline
from sklearn.ensemble import RandomForestClassifier

# Create end-to-end pipeline
pipeline = Pipeline([
    ('featurizer', MoleculeTransformer(FPCalculator("ecfp"), n_jobs=-1)),
    ('classifier', RandomForestClassifier(n_estimators=100))
])

# Train and predict directly on SMILES
pipeline.fit(smiles_train, y_train)
predictions = pipeline.predict(smiles_test)

Comparing Multiple Featurizers

featurizers = {
    'ECFP': FPCalculator("ecfp"),
    'MACCS': FPCalculator("maccs"),
    'Descriptors': RDKitDescriptors2D(),
    'ChemBERTa': PretrainedMolTransformer("ChemBERTa-77M-MLM")
}

results = {}
for name, feat in featurizers.items():
    transformer = MoleculeTransformer(feat, n_jobs=-1)
    X = transformer(smiles)
    # Evaluate with your ML model
    score = evaluate_model(X, y)
    results[name] = score

Discovering Available Featurizers

Use the ModelStore to explore all available featurizers:

from molfeat.store.modelstore import ModelStore

store = ModelStore()

# List all available models
all_models = store.available_models
print(f"Total featurizers: {len(all_models)}")

# Search for specific models
chemberta_models = store.search(name="ChemBERTa")
for model in chemberta_models:
    print(f"- {model.name}: {model.description}")

# Get usage information
model_card = store.search(name="ChemBERTa-77M-MLM")[0]
model_card.usage()  # Display usage examples

# Load model
transformer = store.load("ChemBERTa-77M-MLM")

Advanced Features

Custom Preprocessing

class CustomTransformer(MoleculeTransformer):
    def preprocess(self, mol):
        """Custom preprocessing pipeline"""
        if isinstance(mol, str):
            mol = dm.to_mol(mol)
        mol = dm.standardize_mol(mol)
        mol = dm.remove_salts(mol)
        return mol

transformer = CustomTransformer(FPCalculator("ecfp"), n_jobs=-1)

Batch Processing Large Datasets

def featurize_in_chunks(smiles_list, transformer, chunk_size=10000):
    """Process large datasets in chunks to manage memory"""
    all_features = []
    for i in

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