asyncredux-persistence

Overview

AsyncRedux provides state persistence by passing a persistor object to the Store. This maintains app state on disk, enabling restoration between sessions.

Store Initialization with Persistor

At startup, read any existing state from disk, create default state if none exists, then initialize the store:

var persistor = MyPersistor();

var initialState = await persistor.readState();

if (initialState == null) {
  initialState = AppState.initialState();
  await persistor.saveInitialState(initialState);
}

var store = Store<AppState>(
  initialState: initialState,
  persistor: persistor,
);

The Persistor Abstract Class

The Persistor<St> base class defines these methods:

abstract class Persistor<St> {
  /// Read persisted state, or return null if none exists
  Future<St?> readState();

  /// Delete state from disk
  Future<void> deleteState();

  /// Save state changes. Provides both newState and lastPersistedState
  /// so you can compare them and save only the difference.
  Future<void> persistDifference({
    required St? lastPersistedState,
    required St newState
  });

  /// Convenience method for initial saves
  Future<void> saveInitialState(St state) =>
    persistDifference(lastPersistedState: null, newState: state);

  /// Controls save frequency. Return null to disable throttling.
  Duration get throttle => const Duration(seconds: 2);

  /// Processes errors thrown by persistDifference. Return the error unaltered
  /// to keep it, return another error to replace it, or null to swallow it.
  Object? wrapError(Object error, StackTrace stackTrace) => error;

  /// Reports an error to the store, even before the store is created (protected).
  void addError(Object error, [StackTrace? stackTrace]);
}

Creating a Custom Persistor

Extend the abstract class (always use extends Persistor, never implements Persistor) and implement the required methods:

class MyPersistor extends Persistor<AppState> {

  @override
  Future<AppState?> readState() async {
    // Read state from disk (e.g., from SharedPreferences, file, etc.)
    return null;
  }

  @override
  Future<void> deleteState() async {
    // Delete state from disk
  }

  @override
  Future<void> persistDifference({
    required AppState? lastPersistedState,
    required AppState newState,
  }) async {
    // Save state to disk.
    // You can compare lastPersistedState with newState to save only changes.
  }

  @override
  Duration get throttle => const Duration(seconds: 2);
}

Throttling

The throttle getter controls how often state is saved. All changes within the throttle window are collected and saved in a single call. The default is 2 seconds.

// Save at most every 5 seconds
@override
Duration get throttle => const Duration(seconds: 5);

// Disable throttling (save immediately on every change)
@override
Duration? get throttle => null;

Errors When Saving the State

If persistDifference() throws, the store keeps working normally and the persistor keeps saving future states. The failed state is not considered persisted, so the next persistDifference() call receives the same lastPersistedState, and its difference includes the changes that failed.

The error is processed like an action error:

1. Persistor.wrapError() — Works like ReduxAction.wrapError(). Return the error unaltered to keep it, another error to replace it, or null to swallow it (the GlobalErrorObserver is then not called). If it throws, the thrown error is used. By default it returns the error unaltered.
2. GlobalErrorObserver — Called with action == null. Here, error is the error after Persistor.wrapError(), and originalError is the error before it.
3. Result — A UserException goes to the store's error queue (shown by UserExceptionDialog, unless it's noDialog). null swallows the error. Any other error is thrown as an unhandled async error (usually printed to the console).

Show an error dialog when saving fails:

class MyPersistor extends Persistor<AppState> {
  // ...

  @override
  Object? wrapError(Object error, StackTrace stackTrace) =>
      (error is FileSystemException)
          ? UserException('Could not save your data.').addCause(error)
          : error;
}

Or handle persistence errors globally, distinguishing them by the null action:

class MyGlobalErrorObserver extends GlobalErrorObserver<AppState> {
  @override
  Object? observe() {
    if (action == null) {
      // The error came from the Persistor (or the cloudSync).
      crashlytics.recordError(error, stackTrace, reason: 'persistence');
      return UserException('Could not save your data.').addCause(error);
    }
    return error;
  }
}

The same applies to the cloudSync passed to the Store.

Reporting Errors from readState()

readState() is usually called when the app starts, before the store exists, so it can't show errors to the user by throwing them. Instead, call addError(). The persistor keeps the error until the store is created, and the store then processes it:

class MyPersistor extends Persistor<AppState> {
  @override
  Future<AppState?> readState() async {
    try {
      return await _read();
    } on FormatException catch (error) {
      // The saved data is in an old format and can't be read. Reset it and tell the user.
      await deleteState();
      addError(UserException('Could not read your data, so it was reset.').addCause(error));
      return null;
    }
  }
}

• addError() is @protected, so call it only from inside your persistor. It can be called from any persistor method, not only readState().
• The store gets the errors with Persistor.getAndRemoveFirstError() when it's created, and again after each persistence operation (reading, deleting or saving the state). You don't need to call it yourself.
• Each error goes to the GlobalErrorObserver (with action == null), but NOT to Persistor.wrapError(), since it was added on purpose.
• A resulting UserException goes to the store's error queue, and the UserExceptionDialog shows it as soon as it's mounted. Other errors are thrown as unhandled async errors.

Forcing Immediate Save

Dispatch PersistAction() to save immediately, bypassing the throttle:

store.dispatch(PersistAction());

Pausing and Resuming Persistence

Control persistence with these store methods:

store.pausePersistor();           // Pause saving
store.persistAndPausePersistor(); // Save current state, then pause
store.resumePersistor();          // Resume saving

App Lifecycle Integration

Pause persistence when the app goes to background and resume when it becomes active. Create an AppLifecycleManager widget:

class AppLifecycleManager extends StatefulWidget {
  final Widget child;

  const AppLifecycleManager({
    Key? key,
    required this.child,
  }) : super(key: key);

  @override
  _AppLifecycleManagerState createState() => _AppLifecycleManagerState();
}

class _AppLifecycleManagerState extends State<AppLifecycleManager>
    with WidgetsBindingObserver {

  @override
  void initState() {
    super.initState();
    WidgetsBinding.instance.addObserver(this);
  }

  @override
  void dispose() {
    WidgetsBinding.instance.removeObserver(this);
    super.dispose();
  }

  @override
  void didChangeAppLifecycleState(AppLifecycleState lifecycle) {
    store.dispatch(ProcessLifecycleChange_Action(lifecycle));
  }

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) => widget.child;
}

Create an action to handle lifecycle changes:

class ProcessLifecycleChange_Action extends ReduxAction<AppState> {
  final AppLifecycleState lifecycle;

  ProcessLifecycleChange_Action(this.lifecycle);

  @override
  Future<AppState?> reduce() async {
    if (lifecycle == AppLifecycleState.resumed ||
        lifecycle == AppLifecycleState.inactive) {
      store.resumePersistor();
    } else if (lifecycle == AppLifecycleState.paused ||
        lifecycle == AppLifecycleState.detached) {
      store.persistAndPausePersistor();
    } else {
      throw AssertionError(lifecycle);
    }
    return null;
  }
}

Wrap your app with the lifecycle manager:

StoreProvider<AppState>(
  store: store,
  child: AppLifecycleManager(
    child: MaterialApp( ... ),
  ),
)

LocalPersist Helper

The LocalPersist class simplifies disk operations for Android/iOS. It works with simple object structures containing only primitives, lists, and maps.

import 'package:async_redux/local_persist.dart';

// Create instance with a file name
var persist = LocalPersist("myFile");

// Save data
List<Object> simpleObjs = [
  'Hello',
  42,
  true,
  [100, 200, {"name": "John"}],
];
await persist.save(simpleObjs);

// Load data
List<Object> loaded = await persist.load();

// Append data
List<Object> moreObjs = ['more', 'data'];
await persist.save(moreObjs, append: true);

// File operations
int length = await persist.length();
bool exists = await persist.exists();
await persist.delete();

// JSON operations for single objects
await persist.saveJson(simpleObj);
Object? simpleObj = await persist.loadJson();

Note: LocalPersist only supports simple objects. For complex nested structures or custom classes, you need to implement serialization yourself (e.g., using JSON encoding with toJson/fromJson methods).

References

URLs from the documentation:

• https://asyncredux.com/sitemap.xml
• https://asyncredux.com/flutter/miscellaneous/persistence
• https://asyncredux.com/flutter/basics/store
• https://asyncredux.com/flutter/miscellaneous/database-and-cloud
• https://asyncredux.com/flutter/intro
• https://asyncredux.com/flutter/testing/mocking
• https://asyncredux.com/flutter/advanced-actions/redux-action
• https://asyncredux.com/flutter/about
• https://asyncredux.com/flutter/miscellaneous/advanced-waiting